ABSTRACT
The surprisingly heavy social impacts were amplified by a combination of circumstances such as damage concentrated in the dense urban city center, the number of people requiring alternative accommodation and the relatively cold weather. Interdisciplinary research and training in particular in the fields of Earthquake Engineering and Seismic Risk assessment and management is crucial for improving the design of new structures, retrofitting the existing ones and efficiently respond and recover from disastrous earthquakes. The analysis is conducted on a tramway network scale to identify critical locations by performing continuous monitoring on the tramway network and risk analysis based on the distance of buildings from the track, vibration amplitude at source, and building damage. The paper presents a failure analysis of the bell tower of the church of St. Francis of Assisi on Kaptol in Zagreb subjected to seismic activity using the finite-discrete element method—FDEM.